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The global impact of the climate crisis intersects with various trends like urbanization, migration, systemic inequity, and extreme weather events. One particular concern is the intertwining of climate change with the global affordable housing shortage, which is affecting lower-income countries the hardest. As of now, 1.6 billion people lack proper housing, underscoring the ongoing global housing shortage and hindering poverty eradication efforts. However, addressing this issue is complex, as the housing industry is a significant greenhouse gas emitter. What, then, can be done to abate the issue?
CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN HOUSING
One solution lies in fostering a regenerative, restorative, and waste-free approach to housing design—a circular economy approach to housing. This involves reducing material usage, prolonging product lifespan, and repurposing materials at the end of their life cycle. Given the significant greenhouse gas emissions from the construction industry, embracing circular economies in housing offers a promising solution to the shortage without exacerbating emissions. However, such efforts continue to face global challenges, with only 8.6% of materials being cycled in 2020, a 9.1% decline from 2018. Challenges include systemic complexity, stakeholder priorities, and consumer preferences for cheaper options over circular approaches. Additionally, small-scale contractors may lack the skills and knowledge to use alternative materials, while governments must balance housing needs with emission reduction goals. Tailored models and frameworks adapted to local conditions are essential for successful integration and support from entrepreneur organizations to drive circularity and affordable housing innovations.
REMATERIAL: AN INDIAN CASE STUDY
In India, more than two-thirds of the population resides in rural areas, 70% struggle to afford standard concrete slab roofs, according to the Indian Housing Federation. Consequently, many resort to problematic alternatives like cement and metal sheets, which come with their own set of issues, such as overheating, frequent maintenance, and potential toxicity from substances like Asbestos. In response, a company such as ReMaterials—based in Ahmedabad, India—pioneers circular economy principles in housing development. ReMaterials repurposes cardboard waste into lightweight, recyclable panels, offering sustainable and affordable roofing alternatives for low-income families. Through innovative engineering, its product, ModRoof, matches wood's strength and density while delivering superior insulation. A custom waterproof coating enhances durability and reduces maintenance frequency. Modular design facilitates installation, shipping, and repairs. Remarkably, ModRoof costs only 40% of traditional concrete slab roofs. Despite pandemic-related setbacks, ReMaterials has installed over 500 roofs and aims to expand operations to Africa and South America.
Affordable housing is crucial for ending shortages and spurring global economic growth, contributing significantly to GDP. However, in addressing the housing deficit, we must also consider CO2 emissions management, making it vital to embrace circular practices. Prioritizing affordable housing ensures a sustainable future for both People and Planet, making its success imperative.
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